Black-box testing (functional
testing):
It is a type of software testing that examines the
functionality of an application without peering into an internal structure. It
is also called behavioral testing.
Tools used for
black-box technique:
Record and playback tools: These are used for regression
testing
Advantages:
I.
Tester can be non-technical
II.
Test cases can be designed as soon as the
functional specifications are complete
Disadvantages:
I.
Writing test cases is slow and difficult.
II.
Chances of having unidentified paths during this
testing
Typical test design
techniques:
Decision table
testing: it is a good way to deal
with a combination of things (inputs). This is also called ‘cause-effect’
table. The reason for this is that there is an associated logic diagramming
technique called ‘cause-effect graphing’ which was sometimes used to help
derive the decision table.
All pairs testing
(pair wise testing): it is a combinational method of software testing. Each
pair of input parameters to a system, tests all possible discrete combinations
of those parameters.
Equivalence
partitioning: it divides the input data of the software unit into partitions
of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived.
Boundary value
analysis: In which tests are designed to include representatives of
boundary values in a range.
Cause-effect graph: it
is a directed graph that maps a set of causes to a set of effects. The causes
may be thought as the input to the program, and the effects may be thought as
the output.
Error guessing: it
is a test method in which test cases used to find bugs in programs are established
based on experience in prior testing.
State transition testing:
it is used when the system is defined in terms of a finite number of states
and the transition between states is governed by the rules of the system.